📖 Introduction

什麼是分詞構句？

Participial Phrases — 讓句子更精煉的利器

💡

定義：分詞構句是用現在分詞（V-ing）或過去分詞（V-ed）代替副詞子句或對等子句，使句子更簡潔有力。

❌ 原始句

Because she was tired, she went to bed early.

➜

✅ 分詞構句

Being tired, she went to bed early.

🔧 Formation

如何形成分詞構句？

Step-by-step 構句規則

1

確認主詞相同

主句與子句的主詞必須相同，才能使用分詞構句

2

省略連接詞 & 主詞

去掉 when / because / after / while 等連接詞，並省略與主句相同的主詞

3

動詞改為分詞形式

主動 → V-ing；被動 → V-ed（或 Being + V-ed）

4

時態先後

動作比主句早 → Having + V-ed；同時 → V-ing

⚡ Active vs Passive

主動 vs 被動分詞構句

V-ing 與 V-ed 的使用時機

🟢 主動 V-ing

子句主詞「主動」做動作

Because he studies hard, he passes all exams.

⬇

Studying hard, he passes all exams.

🔵 被動 V-ed

子句主詞「被動」接受動作

Because it was written in English, the book was hard.

⬇

Written in English, the book was hard.

💡 被動分詞構句省略 Being 後直接接 V-ed，更為精煉！

⏰ Time Sequence

時態先後：Having + V-ed

表達「先發生的動作」

先發生的動作（子句）

After he had finished his homework,...

後發生的動作（主句）

...he played video games.

✨ 分詞構句結果

Having finished his homework, he played video games.

📋 更多例句 ▼

Having eaten lunch, she took a nap.

Having lived in Paris, he speaks French fluently.

Having been warned, they were more careful.

📚 5 Functions

分詞構句的五大功能

點擊展開各功能的例句說明

⏱️ 時間（When / While / After）▼

Walking down the street, I met an old friend. （走路時 = while walking）

🔍 原因（Because / Since）▼

Feeling sick, she stayed home. （因為不舒服）

🔄 條件（If）▼

Turning left, you'll find the station. （如果轉左）

🤝 伴隨動作（and）▼

She sat on the sofa, reading a book. （同時在看書）

🚫 讓步（Although / Though）▼

Knowing the risk, he still tried. （雖然知道風險）

⚠️ Common Errors

常見錯誤 × 懸垂分詞

Dangling Participle — 主詞不一致的陷阱！

❌ 錯誤

Walking in the park, a dog bit me.

問題：Walking 的主詞應是「我」，但主句主詞是「a dog」

✅ 正確

Walking in the park, I was bitten by a dog.

確認兩個子句的主詞都是「I（我）」

⚠️ 更多懸垂分詞錯誤 ▼

❌ Finishing the report, the computer crashed.

✅ Finishing the report, I found the computer had crashed.

❌ Being a doctor, the medicine was prescribed.

✅ Being a doctor, she prescribed the medicine.

🏠 Absolute Construction

獨立分詞構句

主詞不同時，保留子句主詞

📌

當子句與主句主詞不同時，不省略子句主詞，形成「獨立分詞構句」（Absolute Construction）

Because the weather was fine, we went hiking.

⬇

The weather being fine, we went hiking.

After the meeting was over, she left the room.

⬇

The meeting being over, she left the room.

Since all the tickets were sold out, we went home.

⬇

All the tickets sold out, we went home.

🌟 With Conjunctions

保留連接詞的分詞構句

When / While / Though / Although + V-ing

when

When crossing the road, look both ways.

當...時（保留 when 更清晰）

while

While studying, she listened to music.

在...期間（同時進行）

though

Though tired, he kept working.

雖然...（讓步語氣）

once

Once decided, he never looked back.

一旦...（條件成立）

💡 保留連接詞可使句意更清晰精確，避免語意模糊！

🎯 Practice

綜合練習題

試著改寫以下句子為分詞構句

Q1. Because she was exhausted, she couldn't finish the race.

查看答案 ▼

Exhausted, she couldn't finish the race. （被動，省略 Being）

Q2. After he had read the email, he called his boss.

查看答案 ▼

Having read the email, he called his boss. （先後時態）

Q3. While she was waiting for the bus, she checked her phone.

查看答案 ▼

While waiting for the bus, she checked her phone. （保留 while）

📊 Summary

重點總整理

分詞構句一覽表

類型

形式

例句

主動同時

V-ing

Singing loudly, she...

被動

(Being) V-ed

Written in French,...

主動先後

Having V-ed

Having eaten,...

被動先後

Having been V-ed

Having been told,...

獨立構句

N + V-ing/V-ed

Weather permitting,...

🎉 記住核心原則：主詞相同才能省略，時態先後用 Having + V-ed，被動用 V-ed！

🎓

恭喜完成學習！

分詞構句 Participial Phrases

✏️
主動 V-ing

📌
被動 V-ed

⏰
Having V-ed

🏠
獨立構句

Practice makes perfect! 多練習，英文寫作更精彩 🚀